एकादशी 2025: सभी तिथियाँ

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-01-10, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-01-10, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-01-25, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-01-25, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-02-08, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-02-08, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-02-24, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-02-24, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-03-10, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-03-10, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami persisted into arunodaya on 2025-03-25 (it ended at 05:06, inside the 04:43-06:19 window), so the Smarta and Vaishnava dates differ this month.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami persisted into the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise on 2025-03-25, so that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava reckoning and the fast moves to 2025-03-26 — the day covered by Dvadashi.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

The tithi at sunrise on this day is 27 (Krishna); the fast is for the Ekadashi that preceded it.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

This parana falls on Trayodashi - allowed only because no Dvadashi exists on the day after the fast.

Dvadashi ended at 01:43 on 2025-03-27, before sunrise on the day after the fast, so no Dvadashi exists on that day. This is the single case in which Kane allows the parana on Trayodashi.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-04-08, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-04-08, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-04-24, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-04-24, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-05-08, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-05-08, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-05-23, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-05-23, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-06-06, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-06-06, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning, kshaya Ekadashi: no sunrise falls inside the tithi, so the fast is on the day it runs in - the one case the texts allow Smartas a fast on Ekadashi mixed with Dashami.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.114-115: the Smarta is bound by suryodaya-vedha only, and the texts allow a fast on Ekadashi mixed with Dashami to Smartas and never to Vaishnavas; for the Vaishnava, Dashami at sunrise rejects the day and the fast is on the day wholly covered by Dvadashi, with the parana on the next. Nirnayasindhu I (Ekadashi-nirnaya; Khemraj 1913 ed. with the Setu commentary, p.94) confines the take-the-later-day resolution to Vaishnavas (tad vaisnava-visayam), householders taking the earlier day.

This Ekadashi is kshaya: it runs 07:19 on 2025-06-21 to 04:28 on 2025-06-22 and touches no sunrise. Smartas, bound only by suryodaya-vedha, keep the fast on 2025-06-21, the day it runs in, although Dashami holds that day's sunrise.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.114-115: the Smarta is bound by suryodaya-vedha only, and the texts allow a fast on Ekadashi mixed with Dashami to Smartas and never to Vaishnavas; for the Vaishnava, Dashami at sunrise rejects the day and the fast is on the day wholly covered by Dvadashi, with the parana on the next. Nirnayasindhu I (Ekadashi-nirnaya; Khemraj 1913 ed. with the Setu commentary, p.94) confines the take-the-later-day resolution to Vaishnavas (tad vaisnava-visayam), householders taking the earlier day.

The tithi at sunrise on this day is 25 (Krishna); the fast is for the Ekadashi that follows that sunrise the same day.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning, kshaya Ekadashi: Dashami holds the only sunrise the tithi falls after, so that day is rejected and the fast is on the day wholly covered by Dvadashi.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.114-115: the Smarta is bound by suryodaya-vedha only, and the texts allow a fast on Ekadashi mixed with Dashami to Smartas and never to Vaishnavas; for the Vaishnava, Dashami at sunrise rejects the day and the fast is on the day wholly covered by Dvadashi, with the parana on the next. Nirnayasindhu I (Ekadashi-nirnaya; Khemraj 1913 ed. with the Setu commentary, p.94) confines the take-the-later-day resolution to Vaishnavas (tad vaisnava-visayam), householders taking the earlier day.

This Ekadashi is kshaya (07:19 on 2025-06-21 to 04:28 on 2025-06-22). Dashami holds the sunrise of 2025-06-21, which the Vaishnava rejects, so the fast is on 2025-06-22 - the day wholly covered by Dvadashi - and the parana on the day after.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.114-115: the Smarta is bound by suryodaya-vedha only, and the texts allow a fast on Ekadashi mixed with Dashami to Smartas and never to Vaishnavas; for the Vaishnava, Dashami at sunrise rejects the day and the fast is on the day wholly covered by Dvadashi, with the parana on the next. Nirnayasindhu I (Ekadashi-nirnaya; Khemraj 1913 ed. with the Setu commentary, p.94) confines the take-the-later-day resolution to Vaishnavas (tad vaisnava-visayam), householders taking the earlier day.

The tithi at sunrise on this day is 27 (Krishna); the fast is for the Ekadashi that preceded it.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

This parana falls on Trayodashi - allowed only because no Dvadashi exists on the day after the fast.

Dvadashi ended at 01:23 on 2025-06-23, before sunrise on the day after the fast, so no Dvadashi exists on that day. This is the single case in which Kane allows the parana on Trayodashi.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-07-06, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-07-06, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-07-21, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-07-21, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-08-05, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-08-05, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-08-19, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-08-19, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-09-03, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-09-03, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-09-17, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-09-17, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-10-03, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-10-03, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-10-17, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-10-17, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-11-02, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

This parana falls on Trayodashi - allowed only because no Dvadashi exists on the day after the fast.

Dvadashi ended at 05:08 on 2025-11-03, before sunrise on the day after the fast, so no Dvadashi exists on that day. This is the single case in which Kane allows the parana on Trayodashi.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-11-02, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

This parana falls on Trayodashi - allowed only because no Dvadashi exists on the day after the fast.

Dvadashi ended at 05:08 on 2025-11-03, before sunrise on the day after the fast, so no Dvadashi exists on that day. This is the single case in which Kane allows the parana on Trayodashi.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-11-15, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-11-15, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-12-01, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-12-01, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning: the day whose sunrise falls inside the Ekadashi tithi (suryodaya-vedha only).

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-12-15, so both lineages keep the fast on the same day.

Narada Purana purvardha 29.39-40, reported by Kane V.i p.114: "all should accept ekadasi free from dasami."

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning: suryodaya-vedha plus arunodaya-vedha — an Ekadashi whose Dashami runs into the last four ghatikas before sunrise is rejected.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Dashami had ended before arunodaya opened on 2025-12-15, so the Vaishnava fast falls on the same day as the Smarta one.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.113: sannyasins and widows follow the Vaishnava reckoning. On a doubled Ekadashi, Narada Purana purvardha 29.45 gives the earlier day to householders and the later to ascetics — a third axis, orthogonal to Smarta/Vaishnava and not emitted as a separate date here.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Smarta reckoning, kshaya Ekadashi: no sunrise falls inside the tithi, so the fast is on the day it runs in - the one case the texts allow Smartas a fast on Ekadashi mixed with Dashami.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.114-115: the Smarta is bound by suryodaya-vedha only, and the texts allow a fast on Ekadashi mixed with Dashami to Smartas and never to Vaishnavas; for the Vaishnava, Dashami at sunrise rejects the day and the fast is on the day wholly covered by Dvadashi, with the parana on the next. Nirnayasindhu I (Ekadashi-nirnaya; Khemraj 1913 ed. with the Setu commentary, p.94) confines the take-the-later-day resolution to Vaishnavas (tad vaisnava-visayam), householders taking the earlier day.

This Ekadashi is kshaya: it runs 07:52 on 2025-12-30 to 05:01 on 2025-12-31 and touches no sunrise. Smartas, bound only by suryodaya-vedha, keep the fast on 2025-12-30, the day it runs in, although Dashami holds that day's sunrise.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.114-115: the Smarta is bound by suryodaya-vedha only, and the texts allow a fast on Ekadashi mixed with Dashami to Smartas and never to Vaishnavas; for the Vaishnava, Dashami at sunrise rejects the day and the fast is on the day wholly covered by Dvadashi, with the parana on the next. Nirnayasindhu I (Ekadashi-nirnaya; Khemraj 1913 ed. with the Setu commentary, p.94) confines the take-the-later-day resolution to Vaishnavas (tad vaisnava-visayam), householders taking the earlier day.

The tithi at sunrise on this day is 10 (Shukla); the fast is for the Ekadashi that follows that sunrise the same day.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.

Vaishnava reckoning, kshaya Ekadashi: Dashami holds the only sunrise the tithi falls after, so that day is rejected and the fast is on the day wholly covered by Dvadashi.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.114-115: the Smarta is bound by suryodaya-vedha only, and the texts allow a fast on Ekadashi mixed with Dashami to Smartas and never to Vaishnavas; for the Vaishnava, Dashami at sunrise rejects the day and the fast is on the day wholly covered by Dvadashi, with the parana on the next. Nirnayasindhu I (Ekadashi-nirnaya; Khemraj 1913 ed. with the Setu commentary, p.94) confines the take-the-later-day resolution to Vaishnavas (tad vaisnava-visayam), householders taking the earlier day.

This Ekadashi is kshaya (07:52 on 2025-12-30 to 05:01 on 2025-12-31). Dashami holds the sunrise of 2025-12-30, which the Vaishnava rejects, so the fast is on 2025-12-31 - the day wholly covered by Dvadashi - and the parana on the day after.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.114-115: the Smarta is bound by suryodaya-vedha only, and the texts allow a fast on Ekadashi mixed with Dashami to Smartas and never to Vaishnavas; for the Vaishnava, Dashami at sunrise rejects the day and the fast is on the day wholly covered by Dvadashi, with the parana on the next. Nirnayasindhu I (Ekadashi-nirnaya; Khemraj 1913 ed. with the Setu commentary, p.94) confines the take-the-later-day resolution to Vaishnavas (tad vaisnava-visayam), householders taking the earlier day.

The tithi at sunrise on this day is 12 (Shukla); the fast is for the Ekadashi that preceded it.

Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i p.120 (Kurma Purana): the fast is on Ekadashi and the parana on Dvadashi, in the morning; it must not be deferred to Trayodashi — "that would destroy the merit of twelve dvadasis". Kane allows the 13th in one case only: when no Dvadashi at all exists on the day after the fast.

This parana falls on Trayodashi - allowed only because no Dvadashi exists on the day after the fast.

Dvadashi ended at 01:48 on 2026-01-01, before sunrise on the day after the fast, so no Dvadashi exists on that day. This is the single case in which Kane allows the parana on Trayodashi.

Modern Vaishnava almanac convention, no classical locus located: almanacs additionally avoid the first quarter (pada) of Dvadashi, called Hari-Vasara. The term does not occur anywhere in Kane, History of Dharmasastra Vol V Pt I — including the Ekadashi chapter and the parana discussion — so it is reported here as a convention and is not computed.

Arunodaya (the last 4 ghatikas before sunrise): Kane, History of Dharmasastra V.i pp.113-115: the Smarta is affected by suryodaya-vedha only, while the Vaishnava is affected by arunodaya-vedha as well — if Dashami persists into the last four ghatikas before sunrise, that Ekadashi is rejected for the Vaishnava and the fast moves to the next day. Garuda and Bhavisya make Ekadashi sampurna only if it also exists two muhurtas (= four ghatikas) before the sunrise of the day it fills.